The folded book folds large-format roll-sheets into small, easy-to-carry books, a major improvement in book binding technology. However, due to the fact that the creases of the folded book were all exposed, the book was easily worn out during reading, and the book creases were broken and scattered, resulting in the loss of the pages of the book. Therefore, people carried out reforms and appeared in the form of butterflies.
Six, butterfly loading
Butterfly suits, also known as butterfly suits, appeared in the Song Dynasty after the end of the 12th century AD (to the Yuan Dynasty). The appearance of butterfly is the first time in the history of book binding in China that the scattered sheets with creases are gathered together on one side to form the mouth and the front mouth and bound into a booklet.
The butterfly book pages are (one-side printing) folded in face to face into a bobbin page booklet (one-fold two pages). The folds are attached on the same side in an orderly manner. After the collision, they are pressed tightly. The back of the book is glued with adhesive (without paper Nails, staples, etc.) and then glued to the cover of a hard or soft paper book. Pay attention to some can also be a thin layer of silk or silk and other soft thin silk fabrics on the cover sheet to improve the quality of books. This not only makes the appearance of the book beautiful and elegant, but also increases the firmness of the book. This method of assembly solves the shortcomings of breakage and scatter after the creases of folded books, and the protection of the back of the book is very strict. The remaining three sides have some damage and can be cut at any time without affecting reading. At that time, because butterflies were all connected with adhesives, there was no place for punching and threading, so they could be modified or modified at will, and they were very popular with people at that time. "Ming Shi Yi Wen Zhi" (Volume 96) said: "Mystical books, are all left by the Song and Yuan Dynasties, are all exquisite. With a folded package, surrounded by outward." Here is the word refers to the processing of butterfly mounted books. The advantage of the butterfly is that the folds and plates are inward, not easy to damage, and you can see the whole picture by opening the pages. Because at the time the pages were printed on one side, after reading a page it was a blank page, and one more page was needed to read the text. After reading a quick page, the two wings of a butterfly were formed. . The book “Ying Yuan Ying Hua†in the Song edition of the Beijing Library is a typical butterfly form (Figure 7).
The modern butterfly processing technology has been improved, and it is more complex and delicate than the butterfly processing in history. This installation method is mainly used for large-scale maps, military maps, celebrity calligraphy and calligraphy. After the reform of the butterfly-bound books, although each booklet was formed into a booklet with a sewing thread at the time of linking, the creases can be flattened and the pinholes and connecting line marks can not be seen when opening a reading. Any binding or luxury can be made during binding. Loading and other processing, is a very good value of the book binding process processing products.
The general process of modern butterfly processing is:
Material preparation: The material used for the butterflies is silk, cotton and paper, used as a tie and a bookbinding link. Silk and cotton threads are used for bookbinding; cardboard, soft materials and hot stamping materials are used for frame binding.
Cutting: After stock preparation, calculate the required material size and then open the material (cut).
Folding: Butterfly-loaded signatures are all one fold and two pages (Figure 7).
Sticky strips: Apply adhesive to thin, soft silk or cotton cloth and stick together with the paper strips (Figure 8).
Linking signatures: Bonding folded signatures with sticky and dried pieces (Figure 9).
Folding booklet splicing: After the book and the splicing are well affixed and dried, align the creases and creases of the book and fold it in the middle of the splicing so that two placards of one fold and two pages become one of the two butterfly wings. Thick posts (Figure 9).
Collation: Bonding a whole thick post (Figure 9) can be performed in a sequence of pages.
Lock line: Use the flat lock method to lock the book-by-file order.
The book after the lock can be processed into a complete butterfly-bound book according to the technical process such as hardcover. The paper used for modern butterfly-bound books is generally of good quality, high in thickness, and high in weight. Therefore, it is not easy to machine round ridges and use square backs.
The use of butterfly processing is less, but it is most suitable for binding of maps, military maps, etc. Because the map products are all kinds of miniature printing processing, if a small area on the layout is damaged, it will have a great impact. For example, the holes and pinholes will destroy the layout and cause undue losses. The use of butterfly-mounted processing can achieve both the secure and secure connection of the signature, without destroying the picture.
In addition to the above-mentioned ones, one of the modern processing butterflies is to retain the old method of the past, that is, after folding the signature (one fold two pages), the folding mouth will be hit and the crease will be staggered by about 2 mm. Sticky mouth, coated with adhesive and then hit the Qi stick together to stick together into a book. Although this method is simple and convenient, but often due to the compaction of the crease, so that some parts of the map in the crease is not easy to read, affecting the reading effect and a solid bad. Some of the elaborate or high-grade maps or celebrity paintings and paintings use the above (Figures 8 and 9) processing methods because of their preservation value.
Seven, combined and loaded
Harmony is a binding method that appears when butterflies are used. There are two types of processing. One is made of wood (Figure 10). The material of the hibiscus is very particular, depending on the grade of the book, such as red sandalwood, autumn wood, red pine and so on. Later, this type of casket gradually became the outer packing box for various kinds of books, such as the Beijing Grand Library and the Xidan Book Building. The other method is to cut a thin wood board or cardboard into a certain size and form a half box shape, and add two hanging slats (ie, book ears) at the middle seam position, and put 2 to 3 holes, and then The well-ordered book blocks are also marked with the same number of holes in the opening, and the book cover is combined with the book block and tied together with a string to form a booklet (Figure 11).
The combined and assembled method is easy to use, easy to use, and the book block and book cover can be freely removed and replaced. It is suitable for modern processing account cards, loose-leaf cards and loose-leaf notebooks. Therefore, there are still such processing forms and new improvements have been made.
Eight, back pack
With the advent of the prevalence of butterflies and their integration and installation, the back pack was also introduced in the 13th century (the end of the Ming and early Ming dynasties) and prevailed in the mid-Ming Dynasty. The folding method of the back pack is exactly the opposite of the butterfly folding method. It is a printed page (single-side printing) with the white surface facing inwards, and the image-oriented outward folding (one-fold two pages) into a post; colliding and colliding and neatly pressing. Flatten (there is a column to be included), and then use the opposite edge of the fold (for the front mouth) as the back of the book (the back of the hair is the back of the book). After cutting or not cutting, the back of the book is firmly bonded and then the cover is covered. (Soft or hard) into a complete pack of back books. The use of this method of installation, from the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, has been popularized for more than 200 years, laying a good foundation for the later paperback wireless glue binding and other binding forms (Figure 12).
From the ancient books collected by the cabinet of the Qing Dynasty, the books of Qian Qiang and Qian Menggeng's handwritten book, Xu Xian Han Zao, were all processed in the form of back packs. It can be seen that this type of binding book was used during the Yuan Dynasty of the Yuan Dynasty. The books of the Ming dynasty's cabinet, Yu Ji and Yongle Dadian, were all back-packed books that used Huang Zizi as the cover material. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, this method was prevalent, and because of the new changes in the book binding technology, this method of installation was gradually reduced. However, after the restoration of the Qing Dynasty, the "Siku Quanshu" still used the back pack. This book is divided into four categories, classics, sons and episodes. Covers are green, red, blue, and gray, respectively, to distinguish between content and grade. The "Yongle Ceremony" (existing Chinese bookstore), which was rebuilt before liberation, also maintained its original form of back-packing. ※
(To be continued)