There are many preparation methods for nanoparticles, which can be divided into physical methods and chemical methods
1 Physical methods
1.1 Vacuum condensation method
Vacuum evaporation, heating, high-frequency induction and other methods are used to vaporize or form isosomes, and then quench them. Its characteristics are high purity, good crystal structure and controllable particle size, but the technical equipment requirements are high.
1.2 Physical crushing method
Nanoparticles can be obtained by methods such as mechanical crushing and electric spark explosion. Its characteristics are simple operation and low cost, but the product has low purity and uneven particle distribution.
1.3 Mechanical ball milling
The ball milling method is used to control appropriate conditions to obtain nanoparticles of pure elements, alloys or composite materials. Its characteristics are simple operation and low cost, but the product has low purity and uneven particle distribution.
2 Chemical methods
2.1 Vapor deposition method
Synthesis of nanomaterials by chemical reaction of metal compound vapor. The product features high purity and narrow particle size distribution.
2.2 precipitation method
After adding the precipitant to the salt solution for reaction, the precipitate is heat-treated to obtain nanomaterials. Its characteristics are simple and easy, but the purity is low and the particle radius is large, which is suitable for the preparation of oxides.
2.3 Hydrothermal synthesis
It is synthesized in fluids such as aqueous solution or steam under high temperature and high pressure, and then separated and heat-treated to obtain nanoparticles. It features high purity, good dispersion and easy control of particle size.
2.4 Sol-gel method
Metal compounds are solidified by solutions, sols, and gels, and then subjected to low-temperature heat treatment to generate nanoparticles. It features many reactive species, uniform product particles, and easy process control. It is suitable for the preparation of oxides and II-VI compounds.
2.5 Microemulsion method
The two immiscible solvents form an emulsion under the action of surfactants, and nanoparticles are obtained after nucleation, coalescence, agglomeration and heat treatment in microbubbles. The characteristic particles have good monodispersity and good interfacial property. Group Ⅱ ～ Ⅵ semiconductor nanoparticles are mostly prepared by this method.
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