There is no doubt that every printing plant believes that the computer-to-plate system can greatly improve the printing quality. Since it does not require the use of film, it directly forms an image on the printing plate, which can make the printing workshop cleaner and cleaner Let people use more accurate dots, reducing the limitations of four-color printing on printing machines. In addition, the computer-to-plate system can reduce the deformation of dots and compensate for the expansion of dots on the printing machine to the greatest extent. In this development trend, many manufacturers have introduced random screening products for computer-to-plate systems.
The traditional halftone screening is what we often refer to as amplitude modulation screening. It consists of a series of regularly arranged dots, which reflect the difference between highlights and dark tones through the change of dot size. Amplitude modulation screening is very predictive, and the effect on the press is better than random screening. The limitation of this technique is that the printing house must ensure that the image does not lose dots in the brightest and darkest places. As the number of screens increases, it becomes more and more difficult to control the highlight dots and maintain the gap between dark meshes.
FM screening or random screening uses a completely different method from AM screening. They can keep the dot size consistent, but will change the distance between dots. Since the dots are very small and arranged very closely in many areas, FM screening can reproduce more details (midtones), and at the same time reduce the chance of "Moire" stripes appearing. Images printed with FM screening technology can often achieve the quality of continuously adjusted photos. However, since FM screening uses very small dots, the problem of high-gloss dots that often occurs during amplitude modulation screening will also appear in most of the FM screening. Before the advent of computer-to-plate technology, it was difficult for people to transfer microdots from film to printing plates. Now, this problem can be easily solved.
Many emerging screening technologies are a mixture of AM and FM screening. Hybrid screening uses traditional banner screening in most tonal areas, while using FM screening in highlight and dark areas. Through hybrid screening, offset printing plants can increase the number of screening lines in the AM screening area without putting additional burden on the printing press. The following are some of the most common screen products currently on the market (Agfa, Artwork Systems, Esko, Fujifilm, Heidelberg, Kodak, Rampage System, RIPit and Screen).
Agfa
Agfa claims that its own screening technology can combine the advantages of AM and FM screening. The company's: Sublima is a patented product that integrates two technologies into one solution. It is also Agfa ’s first solution using patented XM technology. In the development process of: Sublima, two Agfa technologies were used, they are: ABS (Agfa Balanced Screening) and: CristalRaster FM screening technology.
Let us understand: how Sublima works. In the mid-tone area,: Sublima uses ABS technology for clear and accurate reproduction. In troublesome highlights and dark areas, Sublima uses FM technology to reproduce the details of the image. But this software cannot be easily converted from one technology to another. It uses patented technology to determine the switching point between the two screening technologies, and can achieve a smooth transition without affecting the image. Although the FM screening area uses relatively small dots, they will still be arranged according to the screening angle established by ABS. The end result of this is to generate a brand new mesh. : The number of screens that Sublima can reach is 210, 240, 280, and 340 lpi.
Sublima software takes into account all variables. It can calculate the smallest dot size that the printing plate can print on each type of printing press, thus allowing the printer to adjust on the printing press-this is a place where it is stronger than FM screening.
Sublima's built-in calibration curve can automatically compensate for different network expansion. It can keep 1% to 99% of dots in long-run printing without losing. The biggest advantage of this technology is still reflected in pre-press and printing. At the highest number of screen lines-it can only RIP at a resolution of 2400dpi. The printing effect of 340 lpi is no different from that of 150-lpi-it also includes water-ink balance and plate performance.
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Artwork Systems
Artwork Systems is the industry's leading professional prepress software supplier, and they have developed Concentric Screening (Concentric Screening) technology. According to the company, Concentric Screening is a revolutionary halftone screening technology that can divide traditional circular dots into finer concentric rings. These concentric rings can reduce the thickness of the ink film on the printing plate, thereby bringing users higher printing stability and color saturation. Concentric Screening is the first halftone dot using different internal shapes, and it is also the world's first "non-stereoscopic" halftone dot. Artwork's production printing plant can increase the number of screen lines-even double the original-without worrying about spots, dot expansion and other problems caused by high screen lines.
Concentric Screening has all the advantages of the second-generation FM screening technology. It has strong printability, is easy to use, and can achieve the smoothness that traditional AM screening can achieve. In addition, it can also be used in the workflow of Nexus and Odystar launched by Artwork Systems.
Esko
In September 2006, Esko Corporation launched a new PerfectHighlights flexo printing screen technology. It brings new tools to Esko users, carton processing plants and label printers, so that they know how to achieve the best results in the screen printing process and the plate making process. Printing houses can set the optimal screen parameters for specific printing environments, inks, substrates, and printing presses, thereby increasing the value that packaging buyers receive, while also giving them a greater competitive advantage. PerfectHighlights can print 1% to 2% highlight dots in various ways. It can bring the best mid-tone and dark-tone duplication effect to users together with other screen technologies of Esko.
In addition, Esko has developed various screening technologies including SambaFlex and Groovy Screens. Both SambaFlex and Groovy Screens are hybrid screening technologies. They use AM dots in most areas of the image and FM dots in the line areas of highlights and dark tones to improve color saturation and the stereoscopic effect of the image. Esko also has HighLine AM screening technology, which can produce very high screen lines at lower output resolutions. For example, it can produce 423 lpi dots at a resolution of 2400 dpi.
Fujifilm
Fujifilm also has two advanced screening technologies-Co-Res AM Screening (for normal resolution images) and Taffeta FM Screening, which was launched at the 2004 Drupa exhibition.
Co-Res Screening is a revolutionary high-accuracy screening software developed by Fujifilm, which allows customers to print images with high screen counts using standard output resolution. In this way, users can increase the productivity of high-line-counting screens, and at the same time get a more elaborate reproduction effect in highlight areas.
Fujifilm has also developed the Taffeta FM screening software, which allows CTP users to print products with richer details and higher quality. Taffeta combines the fully-featured digital imaging technology Image Intelligence specially designed by Fujifilm, which can help printers solve the problems that often occur in the FM screening process, and can effectively increase the range and accuracy of color reproduction and reduce the "Moir" stripes Of generation. The new Taffeta FM Screening also uses a particle optimization algorithm, using optical characteristics to simulate the printing effect, and a dot shape optimization algorithm to reduce the graininess of the image and improve the printing suitability of the printing plate.
Fuji claims that Taffeta has the following characteristics:
Completely eliminate "Moir" stripes and rose spots, increase the saturation of basic and intermediate colors, better reproduce image details, improve the texture and printability of printing plates, eliminate unevenness and graininess of printing plates
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Heidelberg
Heidelberg introduced the new Prinect hybrid screening method to the British market in April 2006. This new screening method can combine the advantages of AM and FM screening technology. It can bring users a higher screen resolution and clearer details, thereby improving the overall print quality of the image. Prinect hybrid screening technology has been used in Suprasetter series thermal plate-making machine, Prosetter series purple laser plate-making machine and Topsetter series plate-making machine. According to the difference between CTP plate-making technology and printing plate type, it can achieve a screen resolution of up to 400 lines / inch.
Prinect hybrid screening technology can define the smallest dots for highlight and dark areas, and it does not allow people to use dots below this minimum size. Unlike random FM screening, the dots used in this technology will be arranged according to the angle of AM screening. This can ensure a smooth transition between different tone values. In addition, Prinect hybrid screening technology distributes mixed dots at relevant angles to enhance the clarity of detail in the image and reduce the generation of "Moir" stripes. The Prinect hybrid screen system uses Heidelberg's own Irrational Screening (IS) technology, which not only effectively eliminates "Moir" streaks, but also provides a smoother effect for areas of the skin that are more difficult to replicate. For black-and-white prints, this system can also set the black screen angle individually to achieve better results.
This new screening method does not require people to make any major adjustments to the workflow. Users can increase the resolution step by step when needed, but it is best to start with the number of screens we commonly use.
Heidelberg also upgraded its Satin Screening FM screening technology and integrated it into the Prinect workflow to form the Prinect random screening technology. Prinect random screening can make the color transition more natural while maintaining all the advantages of random screening, and at the same time eliminates the "Moir" stripes that often appear in the process of primary color printing. Save more ink, and can enhance the stability of color.
Kodak
Kodak Staccato software is the second generation of FM hybrid screening products, it can bring users more natural tone and smoother colors, it is very suitable for use in all offset printing processes. Staccato screening software can produce continuously-adjusted high-fidelity images with clear details, wide color gamut, and high quality, without any problems such as "Moir" stripes and rose spots. Staccato software can provide a dot size between 10 microns and 70 microns.
According to Kodak, the Staccato screening software eliminates the gray scale limitation and the rigid connection between different tones, while also improving the stability of colors and halftones. Staccato can also reduce image distortion problems caused by printing press registration errors. By using a 10,000 DPI laser, Kodak Sqaurespot thermal imaging technology can provide users with the resolution required by Staccato screening software to help people reproduce more reliable and fine dots in daily production. Staccato's four-primary color printing involves not only four different dot shapes, but also six other dot shape options to support the application of Kodak Spotless printing technology.
Rampage system
Rampage Systems provides two screening systems for its prepress workflow. Liso is a multiphase mixing option, while Segundo is a second-order random option. As a new hybrid screening technology, Liso means "smooth" in Spanish. It combines the advantages of random screening (fine reproduction) and traditional halftone screening (the fusion of midtone control and hue). Therefore, Rampage said that the printing plant can get a higher number of screen lines without changing the printing conditions and workflow. Liso can use the traditional halftone screening method in the middle tone area, and use a certain size of the dot in the special area where the printing machine can not copy the dot, and remove them when necessary to ensure the reproduction of the details of the highlight and dark area . This technique eliminates the abrupt change between midtones (variable dots) and highlights or dark tones (fixed dots). Liso can provide users with a transition state that can be defined by themselves. The dots here are still variable, and they can change with the darkening of the tone of the dark area and the lightening of the highlight part.
Segundo is a random screening system. It uses only fixed-size dots in the highlight and dark tones, and randomly screens in the midtone tones. It can increase the visual density of the image by increasing the size and frequency of the dots, so as to better control the tone and reproduce a more natural print. In addition, unlike other random screening technologies, Segundo will not change their layout for the location of the dots, because it is easy to cause repeated processing. On the contrary, Segundo adopts the more common error scattering screening method today. It is worth mentioning that the advanced algorithm can really eliminate the bug-like spots brought by the scatter screen.
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RIPit
In September 2006, the industry ’s advanced workflow and computer-to-plate system supplier RIPit introduced the latest OpenRIP Symphony system to printing companies in North America. This system includes a more powerful PerfectBLEND AM / FM hybrid plus Web options (offset printing) and many features specifically designed for flexographic printing.
RIPit's PerfectBLEND hybrid screening products for computer-to-plate and film-making systems combine the advantages of AM and FM screening, allowing users to maintain 240 lpi screen lines.
Screen
At Graph Expo 2006, Screen Company released its latest hybrid screening system Spekta 2 HR. Spekta 2 can not only achieve the fine print quality of FM screening, but also achieve the stable printing effect of AM screening. It can at least provide users with the printing quality and detail clarity comparable to the image level of 350 lpi FM screening. According to the screen company, Spekta 2 can easily adjust the problem of network expansion, because it uses the unique 12-bit screen technology of the screen company. In addition, it can also display realistic color effects in flesh tones. Spekta 2 improves people's overall control of color, and ensures the clarity and smoothness of the image. According to the screen company, Spekta 2HR's ability to reproduce details is comparable to the number of screen lines above 650 lpi.
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