Professor Peter Hirschfeld, a professor of physics at the University of Florida and five other researchers, said that grain boundaries are the reason that prevents the flow of current in high-temperature superconductors. Relevant articles are published on the website of "Nature? Physics" magazine.
When high-temperature superconductors were first discovered in the late 1980s, scientists believed that high-temperature superconductors would bring highly efficient maglev trains and other revolutionary technologies to mankind. However, scientists' expectations have not been fulfilled. In an article titled "How Grain Boundaries Limit Superconducting Currents in High-Temperature Superconductors", Hirschfeld and colleagues accurately explained for the first time how the atomic structure of ceramic high-temperature superconductors impedes the flow of current.
High-temperature superconducting ceramic wires consist of rows of atoms. However, in the arrangement, there is a slight lattice distortion between each row of atoms. This is like the vertical and horizontal lines are not perfectly aligned when one graph paper is superimposed on another graph paper. Where the rows of atoms intersect, there will be accumulation of charge, which blocks the natural flow of current. The view that the grain boundaries in the superconductor that separate the rows of atoms disturb the current properly describes for the first time the superconductor's difficulty in realizing its potential, a phenomenon that has troubled experimental physicists for more than 20 years.
In the research, Hirschfeld and colleagues' main contribution was to conceive and create a mathematical model that is very consistent with observation. He stated that they obtained an abstracted single grain boundary theoretical model, which can be applied to all such grain boundary structures.
Hirschfield also said that although their theoretical model provides researchers with a better means of interpreting past and future experimental results, the model cannot help find ways to eliminate the current flow that is hindered by grain boundaries. However, the researchers hope that their model will enable people to develop high-temperature superconductors with less restrictive grain boundaries in the future, so that people can go further towards realizing the potential of superconductors.
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