Shake orange planting technology
Sand sugar oranges are grown in many parts of China. So how to grow the sugar orange, what should you pay attention to when planting the sugar orange? Let's share it with everyone below. In the planting, the sugar orange is prone to plant degradation, short life and unstable production. Therefore, the cultivation methods and management measures are very important.
First, deep turn the soil, expand the acupoint
In the first 1-3 years after planting, use the sputum method or the acupoint enlargement method to do a deep renovation work to create a good soil environment for root growth. The time is carried out in the winter from November to December, combined with winter winter garden and winter fertilizer. The method of squatting is to dig the ditch above the sulcus at the time of planting, and then dip the ditch according to the method of planting, and fertilize the soil to realize the plan of deep-turning the soil in the whole garden.
The method of acupoint enlargement is to dig a hole in the outer edge of the planting hole according to the method of digging a hole at that time. Pay attention to the connection between the new point and the old point, and then fertilize and cover the soil according to the planting, and expand outwards year by year, and finally reach the whole garden deep renovation. earth. For citrus orchards in paddy fields or low-wetlands, due to the high groundwater level, it is not advisable to carry out the whole garden to change the soil to avoid flooding and causing rotten roots.
Second, sand sugar orange fertilization
1. Fertilization of young trees: mainly based on diligent application, generally 3-4 times per year. Each time before the tip and shoot, a quick-acting bran should be applied with a small amount of urea, and each time a tip is applied for 2-3 times.
2, the results of tree fertilization: divided into spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer, autumn fertilizer, winter fertilizer.
(1) Spring Fertilizer: Generally applied in two doses. The first time was applied 15 days before the spring bud germination at the end of January and early February, so that the spring shoots grew vigorously and flowering was normal. The second time, after the middle and late March, the flowers were applied to supplement the flowering and consumption of nutrients, and promote the spring shoots to turn green and the young fruit to develop normally. However, it should be noted that this period is the most sensitive time for nitrogen. The nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, which is easy to cause fruit drop. If the nitrogen fertilizer is too much, it will easily cause a large number of late spring shoots or summer shoots, but it will cause a lot of fruit drop, so it must be taken seriously to see the tree fertilization. And pay attention to the combination of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
For trees that are initially put into production and have few fruits and strong trees, as long as the leaves are dark green, the green color can not be thanked for flower fertilizer, or weak tree supplementation, or combined with de-worming for root dressing (0.3%-0.5%) Urea or 0.2-0.3 potassium dihydrogen phosphate) The amount of fertilizer in spring is about 15-20% of the annual fertilizer.
(2) Xia Fei: For the tree that has just entered the result period, in order to control the occurrence of summer shoots, this fertilizer may not be applied or applied less. For the old and weak trees, it is necessary to supplement the fertilizers, so as to promote quick-acting fertilizers, and apply thinly, and the application amount accounts for about 10% of the total fertilizer.
(3) Autumn fertilizer: In order to adapt to the rapid development of the fruit and promote the result of a large number of germination of the mother branch, the autumn fertilizer should be applied twice. The first fertilizer should be applied 15-20 days before the scheduled shoot, and the second fertilizer should be applied after the autumn shoots are cut. The fertilizer is mainly composed of quick-acting fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. It can also be combined with insecticide spraying for root dressing (0.5% urea), and autumn fertilizer should account for about 35% of the annual fertilizer.
(4) Winter fertilizer: The main function of winter fertilizer is to restore the tree potential and improve the ability of cold resistance to promote flower bud differentiation. Winter fertilizer can also be applied twice. The first time it is applied 20-30 days before fruit picking, it is called pre-harvesting fertilizer, and it should be based on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The second time was applied a few days after fruit picking, called post-harvesting fertilizer.
Winter fertilizer should be long-acting fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, soil fertilization and root dressing, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus, potassium fertilizer combined, depending on the tree potential, the results, leaf color and other appropriate coordination, such as tree potential, leaf For the light color, it is necessary to restore the tree potential and increase the application of nitrogen fertilizer; if the leaf color is thick, the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is the main application, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer; if the leaf color is dark, the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is mainly Conducive to flower bud differentiation. This time, the fertilization should be heavy fertilizer, accounting for 35-40% of the annual fertility, combined with deep-turning and soil-expanding.
Third, sand sugar orange pruning
1, summer shears: mainly cut off the falling flowers and other useless branches, promote the strong late summer shoots or autumn shoots as the result of the coming year. Summer shears are generally carried out 15-20 days before the autumn shoots. The main cuts are combined with short crops. The upper and lower outer diameters of the canopy are 0.5 cm-1 cm, and various types of decaying branches are removed. Leave a branch of 6 cm - 10 cm to promote the autumn shoot; cross-cut closed branches without fruit. The tree that has just been put into production should not be cut in summer.
2, winter shear: 15-20 days before harvesting fruit to the spring shoots. Cut off the dense cross branches, dead branches, diseased branches and broom branches, as well as the fruit ball branches and decaying branches in the upper part of the crown, leaving 6 cm - 10 cm branches to promote the new shoots. The cut thickness is 0.8-1.2 cm. For some debilitating results, the mother branch can be "one fruit and two cuts" when picking fruit, and the weak branches are cut off from the base to reduce the number of invalid branches.
The management of sugar oranges is divided into three categories, namely, planting, pruning, and fertilization. This is also the main management measure for sugar oranges. It is necessary to master these technical knowledge.
Fourth, sand sugar orange pest control
The disease of sand sugar is mainly anthracnose, but it rarely occurs; the main pests are leaf miner, red spider, aphid, and cockroach. The leaf miner can be controlled by imidacloprid and pyrethroid pesticides. It has good effect, but it must be used as soon as possible. When the bud has just one grain of rice, it is necessary to fight the drug. It is played once every 7 days and even three times. Red spider can be used in the prevention and control of agave, avicin bio-pesticide, the effect is very good, aphids, cockroaches can be used to control the heroes, dichlorvos, etc., add 0.5% urea plus 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
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