Today, ubiquitous plastic products are convenient for people's lives, but the resulting plastic waste causes a lot of pollution to the ecological environment. It is estimated that by 2050 , 12 billion tons of plastic waste will be generated globally . Plastic waste scattered on the streets can block sewers, pollute water bodies and soil, and even be eaten by animals and enter people's food chains. In the face of severe environmental problems, governments have introduced measures to curb the spread of plastic waste.
Plastic products are flooding and endangering the living environment
The British "Guardian" once named plastic bags as " the worst invention of the 20th century . " Every year, 5 trillion plastic bags are used worldwide .
People who have lived in Thailand will have this feeling: Thai people like to use plastic bags. Small to stalls, convenience stores, large supermarkets, shopping malls, even if only buy a piece of rubber, a bottle of beverages, the salesperson will provide customers with free plastic bags.
Such considerate shopping services have fueled the Thai people's dependence on plastic bags. According to data from the Thai Environmental Quality Promotion Department, Bangkok uses an average of 8.7 plastic bags per person per day , while an average plastic bag is used for only 12 minutes. For this 12- minute " life " , each plastic bag takes about 450 years to completely degrade. The white pollution caused by plastic products such as plastic bags is gradually jeopardizing the natural environment and people's normal life.
White pollution exists in many countries. In India, plastic pollution is also plaguing local people. Massive plastic waste is piled up near the Tamil Nagel slum in New Delhi . Plastic bottles, bags, food wrappers and other debris flow in the drains and accumulate in the stinky sewers. Children run around on the rubbish, using plastic water bottles and the like as toys. On the garbage mountain, cows that eat plastic bottles are often found.
According to the latest report of the Ministry of the Environment of India, most of the plastic waste entered the garbage dump, or scattered on the street, eventually blocking the sewer, polluting the water and soil, and even being eaten by animals to enter the people's food chain system.
" You see how bad the situation is here. " said Rambati, the housewife near the Nagel slum. As soon as the rainy season, sewage flows into the house, and the family has to face the sludge and stench. “ My granddaughter has been ill all the time. All the children here often have diarrhea or malaria. †In addition, several people will be killed each year during the rainy season due to the collapse of the garbage mountain. The situation in the Nagel slum is a microcosm of the spread of plastic waste in India. According to Indian media reports, the capital New Delhi produces 689 tons of plastic waste every day. India produces nearly 26,000 tons of plastic waste every day , at least 40% of which are not recycled.
White pollution has further spread to the ocean, causing the deterioration of the marine ecological environment. In recent years, the incident of plastic waste causing the death of whales and sea turtles is not uncommon in Thailand. In early June this year , the Thai Marine Resources Protection Department rescued a dying whale in the waters of Songkhla. Shortly after landing, the whale spit out five plastic bags in a row , and then completely lost vital signs. After the autopsy, the doctor found that there were more than 80 plastic bags in the stomach of the whale , weighing 8 kg. According to Thai media reports, Thailand has become the sixth largest marine polluting country in the world.
Production and consumption are accelerating, recycling is lagging behind
To date, humans have produced 8.3 billion tons of plastic products, of which more than 6.3 billion tons of plastic products have finally become plastic waste. Only 9% of these wastes are recycled, 12% are burned, and another 79% are buried or scattered into the natural environment. According to the UN report, less than one- tenth of all plastic products are recycled. “The plastic disaster has spread to every corner of the globe †. Based on current plastic production and waste disposal rates, 12 billion tons of plastic waste will be generated by 2050 .
The rapid growth of plastics production and consumption is one of the important reasons for the proliferation of plastic waste. In 2017 , Thailand produced 27.4 million tons of waste, of which 2 million tons were plastic waste. According to the 2017 data of the All India Plastics Manufacturers Association , the Indian plastics industry has an annual output value of 1.1 trillion rupees (100 Indian rupees or about 9.68 yuan ) , and annual plastic consumption of 13 million tons, resulting in more than 9 million tons of plastic waste . It is estimated that by 2020 , the annual consumption of plastics in India will reach 20 million tons.
The recycling rate of plastic garbage cannot keep up with the production speed and exacerbates white pollution. Most of the plastic waste produced by the 12 million residents in the Greater Bangkok area , including large and small plastic bags and beverage bottles, has not been properly disposed of, resulting in plastic waste all over the city. Pan Di, director of the Environmental and Waste Management Office of the Institute of Energy and Resources Research in New Delhi, told this reporter that due to the convenience of use, plastic consumption has been growing, but most plastic packaging has not been effectively recycled after use, and directly into the landfill. Buried system.
Plastic pollution is first and foremost related to the lack of environmental awareness among the people. A random interview with reporters in Bangkok found that most Thai people do not know the serious harm of plastic bags to the ecological environment. When they learned, many people still said: " Although it will cause pollution, there is no plastic bag in life. â€
In addition, the lack of waste sorting and recycling management has led to the mishandling of plastic waste. According to the statistics of the Central Pollution Control Commission of India, about 96% of the plastic waste produced in India is recyclable, but it is rarely classified in the household waste treatment. According to the latest report of the Ministry of the Environment of India, the ineffective and non-scientific management of garbage is a fundamental reason why Indian plastic waste cannot be solved. Although New Delhi began to implement the “ plastic limit order †in 2009 , the implementation effect was not satisfactory.
Explore " limited plastics " in all directions and promote sustainable development
At present, more than 60 countries and regions around the world prohibit or restrict the use of disposable plastic products, or charge for the use of disposable plastic products. The United Nations has called on governments to consider prohibiting the use or collection of taxes on disposable plastic products to help solve environmental pollution problems.
The Thai government has been working hard to find countermeasures to reduce plastic pollution. In recent years, the Thai government has worked with 15 private companies to control the use of plastic bags and called on the public to actively participate in environmental actions. The National Innovation Agency of Thailand has launched biodegradable plastic bags. Thailand’s Minister of Natural Resources and Environment, Surasha, also called for the reduction of white waste in three ways: “ decommissioning, less use, and innovation †, that is, where plastics can be deactivated, they should be deactivated, and those that cannot be deactivated should be used less. Strengthen technological innovation and develop new materials. According to relevant regulations, national parks throughout Thailand have gradually phased out plastic bags, and some markets in Bangkok will gradually ban the use of plastic foam boxes and switch to new degradable materials.
Indian Prime Minister Modi said that India will eliminate all disposable plastic products by 2022 . India will also launch a campaign for marine plastic waste and promise to make 100 national monuments cleaner and reduce plastic pollution, becoming a “ no-trash spot †. The Lao government announced that it will work with other countries to reduce the use of plastic products, and called on the public to classify and recycle waste, promote the use of reusable items, and replace plastic packaging with traditional packaging such as bamboo and paper.
Reducing plastic waste is a global problem that needs to be faced by humanity. Song Ma, Minister of Natural Resources and Environment of Laos, told this reporter that environmental protection requires close cooperation between countries. Laos will cooperate with China and the international community around the goal of protecting biodiversity and sustainable development. "Environmental communication and cooperation between the two countries in the old results significantly, the successful experience of environmental management in China is worth learning. 'Guanghui is the gold and silver mines' concept makes sense. We hope that the international advanced environmental management policies, in particular China's successful experience has been brought to Laos to help Laos improve its environmental governance and management. "
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