The Development of the 1st and 9th Industries Overview China's plastic packaging materials have been developing rapidly since 1980 under the guidance of the reform and opening up policy. In 1980, the output was only 191,000 tons. After ten years of development, the output reached 850,000 tons in 1990. Since the 1990s, the introduction of equipment and technological transformation has played a role, has achieved significant results, the industry equipment level has been improved, a number of new products emerged, the market demand has grown rapidly, and promoted the development of plastic packaging materials. By the end of the “Eighth Five Year Planâ€, the output reached 151.4 in 1995, the average development speed of the “Eighth Five-Year Plan†was 11%, and the average speed of the “Ninth-Five-Year Plan†period from 96 to 98 three years ago was 10%. It is expected that it will reach the year 2000. 2.5 million tons. During the “Ninth Five-Year Plan†period, under the efforts of employees in the entire industry, product structure adjustments were made to develop new products – aseptic packaging, multi-layer co-extrusion, cosmopolitan film, labor-use cloth, geomembrane, and mass production, occupying new applications. In the field, change operating mechanisms, enhance market competitiveness, and explore progress in overcoming difficulties. According to incomplete statistics, the output of 2.2 million tons in 1999 increased by 8.3% compared with 1.858 million tons in 1998, but the economic benefits declined slightly, and some enterprises suffered losses. In terms of varieties, packaging containers and packaging bottles, biaxially stretched packaging films and composite packaging films have grown by a large margin, the market demand is large, and the export volume of plastic packaging materials has increased. In 1998, it exported 200,000 tons and earned foreign exchange of 2 billion yuan. According to incomplete statistics, in 1996, there were more than 8,000 enterprises in the township or above of plastic packaging materials enterprises, of which 2,240 were in film manufacturing, 4,300 were silk, rope, and woven products, 500 were foam plastics, and 697 were packing boxes and containers. It can be seen that plastic packaging materials have formed a certain scale of industries and play an active role in economic development. To sum up, the new features of the development of plastic packaging materials during the Ninth Five-Year Plan are:
1. Composite Substrate - Biaxially Stretched Film Rapid Development The development of biaxially oriented films such as BOPP and BOPET has not yet cooled. In 1999, a number of projects were completed and put into production. Newly built BOPP units include Zhejiang Dadongnan, Guangdong Zhanjiang Packaging Co., Ltd., Shanghai Jinpu Plastic Packaging Materials Co., Ltd., Jiangyin Shenlong Group Co., Ltd., and Yunnan Cigarette Factory BOPP Film Co., Ltd. Along with the original production line, there are 54 BOPP companies that have been introduced, with a total of 70 production lines, of which 35 are imported from Bruckner, which accounts for 54%. The total production capacity is 400,000 tons, and the output in 1999 was 300,000 tons. In 1998, BOPET was also a hot spot for development. New technologies include Shandong Weifang Xinlike Plastics Co., Ltd. and Ningbo Wuzhou Company. Together with the original BOPET, there are already 15 lines with a total production capacity of 100,000 tons, and the output is expected to be 50,000 tons. It can thus be seen that the momentum of repeated construction has not been reduced, and it has developed to a very serious level. The competition within the industry is fierce and the price war is more prominent. BOPP film prices have fallen, the market has begun to show signs of weakness, old companies have seen a decline in profits, new companies have been unable to repay loans, and biaxially stretched films have developed rapidly, from strong demand to market saturation. The situation of declining benefits is worthy of careful consideration by relevant companies.
2. The composite film has occupied the food packaging market, and the benefits have been remarkable. In the plastics industry as a whole, the market is facing sluggish market conditions and the products are slow-moving. The plastic packaging materials are still developing at a rapid rate; the reason is the development of the domestic market and the continuous harvest of agriculture. The rural product processing needs packaging film, fruits and vegetables need fresh-keeping film, several million tons of food and food, small foods, local flavor foods, sugar, salt, aquatic products, etc. all need packaging film, according to the survey, in recent years, each year It is used for more than 1 million tons of various kinds of food packaging films, accounting for more than 50% of the plastic packaging materials, especially the rise of supermarkets in large and medium-sized cities, which brings new opportunities for the plastic packaging industry, frozen pasta, quick-frozen vegetables. The market demand for quick-frozen aquatic products has increased, which has facilitated the adjustment of product structure and the development of new process technologies and new products. Multi-layer co-extruded composite films have been produced in large quantities in Suzhou, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Fuzhou, Luxi, Henan, Dezhou, and Guangzhou, and have achieved significant economic benefits. In particular, the successful development of sterile film packaging bags in Xinjiang, Xi’an, and other places further improved the packaging of tomato sauce, dairy products, aquatic products, condiments, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, fruit juices, vegetables, and juice drinks. Has a very significant economic benefits.
3. Development of Hollow Containers to Specialized Fields of Application Along with the development of China's market economy, the product structure of hollow containers has undergone great changes, and the development of small, hollow containers has become more diverse, diversified, and specialized. Pharmaceutical plastic packaging containers use HDPE bottles has reached 1 billion, with the elimination of aluminum-tin hose packaging, multi-layer coextrusion plastic hose has been widely used in ointment packaging, used in cosmetics and toothpaste packaging is also a general trend. In particular, the PET bottle beverage packaging continued to grow, so that the packaging container market has become active, and the vast market of mineral water and juice beverages has promoted the rapid development of PET bottles. According to investigations, more than 50 PET bottle production lines have been introduced in the PET bottle industry, and more than 80 domestically produced equipment have been used. The total production capacity has exceeded 150,000 tons/year (450 million). The output of 1998 has reached 4 billion. This is a significant increase from 1998. It is mainly the beverage, the rapid development of the demand for drinking water and the progress of PET bottle recycling technology. PET bottles occupy the market with its excellent performance. With the advancement of injection blowing technology, the performance of PET bottles in terms of heat resistance and barrier properties has been greatly improved, coupled with its advantages in impact resistance, light weight, and beautiful appearance, attracting beverage manufacturers. Actively used as a new packaging container, at present, in order to adapt to the sterilizing technology of tea beverages, it is necessary to use hot cans, new high-temperature resistant polyester bottles, related companies have been under development, will soon come out, this is the development of hollow containers New trends.
In terms of large-scale packaging containers, there is also a vast market for the packaging of various chemical liquids and petroleum products. The plastic sealing barrel is a new type of packaging container, which is made of HDPE dense barrels manufactured by Changzhou. It is suitable for coatings, chemical additives, food additives, pigments, dyes and other packaging. In order to meet the needs of large-scale packaging, rolling plastic packaging containers have been steadily developed over the past year. Large vessels, yachts, and sampans with a capacity of 500-2000 litres or more have successively been established in Liaoning Fushun, Dalian, Yantai, Chengde, Jiangsu Dongtai, and Zhengzhou. Hunan, Fuzhou, Shunde and other places were put into production. With the development of the drinking water market, the demand for polycarbonate water bottles has increased significantly. A joint venture between Bayer and the Shanghai company to build a PC plant with an annual capacity of 40,000 tons is in progress.
4. The heat shrinkable packaging film has developed into a multi-functional product for nearly two years. In particular, the development and production of heat-shrinkable packaging film have been rapidly developed in 1996. It has been widely used in packaging in various fields. It is expanding from a single PVC to a variety of shrink films such as PE, PP, PVDC, PFT, and PA. With the continuous development of the market economy, the packaging market has also put forward higher and newer requirements. Heat-shrinkable packaging is adapting to the needs of economic development. It has developed to high levels and versatility, and many new products have emerged. For example, (1) heat-receiving film with an embossed pattern, in which one layer is stretched and one layer is not stretched, when heat shrinks, one layer shrinks, the other layer does not shrink, or the shrinkage of the composite film of two different materials Different, so as to form an embossed pattern; (2) double-layer heat shrinkable film, using PP as a foaming layer, the layer has a small mesh structure, and the other layer is a heat shrinkable layer, generally LDPE; (3) multi-layer Composite heat-shrinkable packaging film improves barrier properties, automatically seals by heat shrinkage and adhesion of inner and outer films, and is used for packaging of fresh meat and poultry.
5, stretch winding packaging film rapid development of winding film also known as elastic film or wrap film, with self-adhesive, no heat shrink in the packaging process, is conducive to saving energy, reduce packaging costs, easy to package transport, improve logistics The efficiency, that is, the “collective loading and unloading†method that combines pallets and forklifts, reduces transportation costs. In recent years, winding films have developed rapidly, and products have evolved from single-layer films of LDPE, EVA, PVC, and LLOPE to multilayer co-extruded films. , Stretch rate increased to 200-300%, with better packaging effect.
Second, the main existing problems during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, although the development of plastic packaging materials has made great achievements, but compared with the world's advanced level, there is still a big gap, the current is still facing many difficulties and contradictions, with the reform With the in-depth development of the industry, the old problems in the industry are more clearly exposed. Many companies have old factory buildings, old equipment, many personnel, large debts, lack of funds, similar products, low levels of duplication, poor economic returns, etc., and need to be taken seriously.
1. Unreasonable product structure The plastic packaging material is mainly made of film, but the variety of packaging films is unreasonable. The current introduction of biaxially stretched film is more serious, and the proportion of co-extruded film is less; in terms of variety, EVA, EVOH, Functional films such as BOPA and PVA are under development.
2. The overall level of technical equipment is backward, the scale of operations is small, and the number of medium and low-end products is high.
In the past 20 years, the plastic packaging materials industry has introduced a large number of technical equipment from abroad and has a number of foreign-funded enterprises. Domestic plastic processing equipment has improved significantly in variety and quality, but throughout the industry, the level of technical equipment is still low. The production of large turnover containers and pallets required more than 30,000 grams of injection machines and large-scale complex molds are almost all dependent on imports. The two-way stretching production line is also a full set of imports. The domestic digestion and absorption capacity is very poor, and most of the product accessories also rely on imports. In addition, the scale of the company is small, the product technology is low, the situation of repeated product production is severe, and the enterprise management is poor. The company has few scientific and technological inputs, weak development capabilities, and research and development of its own research process, which exceeds the international advanced level.
3. The development is unbalanced. The gap between the southeast coast and the western region is continuously expanding the production of plastic packaging materials. The output of Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Shanghai accounts for more than 50%, of which only two-way stretching films account for 60 percent of Guangdong Province. %the above.
4. The contradiction between recycling and management of plastic packaging waste and recycling technology and social environmental protection are prominent.
With the increase of plastic packaging waste, especially disposable packaging materials and foam lunch boxes, it has become a major problem for urban and rural environmental governance. There is still a lack of perfect methods for the management of waste recycling, and re-use technology is still at a stage of development. It is not yet fully mature. Therefore, scientific treatment of this problem has become an important issue for the production and development of plastic packaging enterprises.
III. Development Goals As the new century is approaching, plastic packaging materials as “Chaoyang Industry†are still an indispensable part of domestic economic development. With the growth of social demands for economic development and the expansion of export commodities, plastics The requirements for packaging materials are getting higher and higher. Therefore, during the “10th Five-Year Plan†period, plastic packaging materials must maintain sustained, rapid, and healthy development, from the extensive mode of economic growth mode to the intensive type, which is conducive to energy saving, low consumption, and pollution prevention. The direction of function development; At the same time, the use of high and new technologies to develop new functional plastic packaging materials and a variety of composite substrates; plastic packaging materials processing equipment, to improve efficiency and functionality, improve accuracy, computer control, energy saving, province Material, time-saving, continuous automation and waste development; plastic packaging materials to the direction of green packaging technology, the degradation of plastic packaging materials and plastic packaging waste recycling technology to a new level.
Combined with the market demand and the possibility of raw materials, the development goals during the 10th Five-Year Plan period are:
It is predicted that in 2000, the social demand for plastic packaging materials will be 350-45 million tons, of which 180 million tons will be fertilizer, the demand will be 900,000 tons, and 200 million tons of cement will require 10 million tons. With the development of the food and beverage industry, a large number of functional packaging films are urgently needed. At the same time, the harvest of rural products and the development of the rural economy require a large number of fresh-keeping packaging films, packaging boxes and packaging containers. The beverage industry alone will reach 10 million tons in 2000. The required plastic packaging bottles will reach more than 500,000 tons. At the same time, the demand for milk, vinegar, soy sauce, edible oil, frozen foods, sugar, and salt for liquid food packaging will reach hundreds of thousands of tons; the fruit preservation film and vegetable preservation facilities The required packaging film is about 50-600,000 tons; China's grain output has reached 490 million tons, some of which are changed to 50-60,000 tons for packaging films.
In terms of plastic raw materials, in 1998, imports of plastic raw materials were 9.62 million tons, and domestic raw materials were 6.76 million tons (including 2.39 million tons of PE, 2.03 million tons of PP, 1.576 million tons of PVC, and 1.2 tons of PS1). According to