China's new technology and new product engineering technology Long-distance pipeline river crossing technology is discussed in Jin Haibin (Liaohe Petroleum Exploration Bureau Oilfield Construction Engineering Company No. 1, Liaoning Panjin 124000). Long-distance pipeline river crossing is an important issue in the design and construction. How to scientifically use long-distance pipeline river crossing technology for long-distance pipeline construction is the primary work of pipeline design and construction. This article starts with the analysis of long-distance pipeline river crossing needs, and briefly discusses the application of long-distance pipeline river crossing technology.
Under the guidance of the theory of modern comprehensive utilization of oil and gas resources, the construction of long-distance pipelines for oil and gas resources in China continues to increase. In the design and construction of long-distance pipelines, it is inevitable that river obstructions will be encountered. In order to achieve the purpose of the near and safe transportation of long-distance pipelines, long-distance pipeline river crossing technology must be used in the design and construction of long-distance pipelines. Based on the technology of long-distance pipeline river crossing, the purpose of long-distance pipeline construction is guaranteed. In the long-distance pipeline river crossing, the rational use of crossing technology is the key to construction. The current long-distance pipeline river crossing technology is mainly divided into two types: excavated crossing and non-excavated crossing. This type of traversing technology should be preferred when traversing methods such as directional drilling or tunnels can be used to reduce the impact on the river ’s ecological environment. Only when the geological conditions of the riverbed could not meet the construction requirements of directional drilling and other considerations, the excavation construction method was considered, and the comprehensive application of environmental protection theory was used to reduce the impact of engineering construction on the ecological environment and achieve the purpose of engineering construction.
1 Overview of Long-distance Pipeline River Crossing Technology Long-distance pipeline is a pipeline for producing oil and gas products in production area, storage, and between units. There is a pressurized pump station in the middle, and it crosses provinces and cities across rivers and highways according to the needs of pipelines.
According to the needs of river crossing, geological conditions, construction conditions, etc., the selection of construction technology in the long-distance pipeline river crossing needs to be based on actual conditions. China's years of experience in long-distance pipeline crossing and technical development have developed from bare, buried trenches to directional drilling and tunnels. It has considered the scientific development of China's long-distance pipeline crossing technology from the aspects of pipeline safety, ecological environmental protection and comprehensive cost-effectiveness of engineering construction.
2 Long-distance pipeline river crossing technology application and key analysis of construction management 2.1 Excavation and crossing technology application and construction management key analysis Excavation and crossing technology refers to the construction of pipeline trenches by mechanical excavation or directional blasting before the pipeline is buried. On this basis, the bottom of the pipe is repaired and the pipeline is laid. After backfilling, the river crossing of the long-distance pipeline is realized. In the application of this technology, the geological conditions need to be explored before the construction of the project. Excavation and crossing methods are mostly used because of geological conditions that can not meet the requirements of directional drilling or tunnel construction. Therefore, during the excavation process, it is necessary to provide corresponding support on both sides of the trench to ensure construction safety. According to this demand, in the application of modern long-distance pipeline river excavation and crossing technology, the following measures should be taken to ensure construction safety and construction purposes.
First of all, the design technical documents should be analyzed after winning the project. At the same time, the construction environment was inspected on site, and the geological exploration report was discussed. Construct a scientific and perfect construction management system according to the actual situation of the project. Comprehensively analyze the various factors that affect the construction of long-distance pipeline river crossing, and use this as a basis to improve the construction management system. Through such a perfect way of management system, it lays a foundation for the construction management of long-distance pipeline river crossing, and uses this as a basis to standardize all the work in the construction process.
On the basis of perfecting the management system of long-distance pipeline river crossing construction, we should also control and manage the various factors that affect the long-distance pipeline river crossing construction. First, rationally plan and design the mechanical equipment for the requirements of pipeline crossing and excavation. Determine the number of machinery required for river containment and excavation according to the long-distance pipeline crossing requirements. At the same time, according to the construction schedule planning, different mechanical entry times are determined to reduce the cost of construction equipment. On this basis, the maintenance plan for machinery and equipment will be determined according to the construction progress and the expected construction of the construction machinery. Formulate and implement scientific maintenance planning to ensure the intact condition of mechanical equipment in the construction of long-distance pipelines and river crossings, as well as to ensure the technical requirements of construction and the needs of construction schedules. In the modern long-distance pipeline construction technology, the excavation technology has the characteristics of wide applicability of the river bed range, simple construction technology and short construction period. Its construction technology requirements are relatively low, and pipeline welding and welding are the key points of construction technology management. In the construction management of the long-distance pipeline river crossing, the pipeline connection construction can be welded and inspected according to the construction requirements to achieve the predetermined goal. According to the geological conditions of the river, the selection of crossing locations and the application of construction methods are required during construction. Excavation is selected at the low end of the construction where the bank slope is stable, the flow of heavy silt does not change much, and the impact of the water area is small. Excavation construction is carried out through the use of cofferdam method, blasting method, gas lift method and other construction methods.
According to the management points of different methods and the technical requirements of technical management, in order to meet the needs of modern long-distance pipeline river crossing.
Application and Management of Trenchless Crossing Technology Trenchless Crossing Technology is suitable for directional drilling crossing and tunnel crossing to achieve the purpose of long-distance pipeline river crossing. Directional drilling crossing is currently a relatively advanced trenchless construction process, which uses a directional drilling machine to drill holes in the bottom of the river bed, and then uses a reamer to expand the hole and lay the pipeline. This technology is suitable for stable geology of rivers. It has the characteristics of short construction period, low investment, and little impact on the ecological environment and river navigation during construction. However, this technology also has certain disadvantages, such as pipeline laying is not easy to repair, and the investment of spare double-line laying is high. Moreover, the pipeline needs to be pulled back in one go, so the welding and anti-corrosion requirements of the pipeline are high.
In the design and management of directional drilling construction, the first choice is to calculate the angle of entry and the angle of excavation, followed by the exploration calculation of the radius of curvature, penetration depth and length. In its construction design and management, in addition to paying attention to the basic management system and the control of factors such as construction quality and cost, it is also necessary to carry out detailed exploration of the hydrogeological conditions crossing the river. At the same time, the stability of the riverbed and the depth and length of the crossing are evaluated. Select the directional drilling machine model according to the actual needs, and determine the mechanical parameters such as drill diameter and drill rod according to the pipeline requirements. At the same time, the haul-back capability of the drilling rig is considered to ensure the safety and quality of construction with the grasp of the basic situation.
In the construction of directional drilling, strict control shall be exercised on the work of on-site measurement of pay-off, anchoring pits, anchors, assembly of drilling rigs, adjustment and trial operation of equipment. Environmental protection is the main purpose of environmental protection. And carry out basic management and mechanical maintenance management according to the requirements of construction technology.
The directional drilling construction technology is used to control the river crossing of the long-distance pipeline.
2.3 Application and Management of Long-distance Pipeline River Tunnel Crossing Technology When the geological conditions of the river bed are hard and excavation or directional drilling cannot be used, the tunnel construction crossing technology should be considered first. The purpose of the long-distance pipeline river crossing is achieved with the characteristics of small seasonal tunnel technology, small flood impact, high construction quality and simple construction technology. However, the tunnel construction technology has a long construction period and high construction cost, and has a great impact on the river ecology and vegetation on the edge of the construction site during the construction process. Therefore, the application of ecological environmental protection technology should be emphasized in the construction of long-distance pipelines. The construction control and management are carried out according to the technical characteristics of the pipe jacking method, shield method and drilling and blasting method in the tunnel crossing construction method. According to the technical characteristics of different construction methods, the construction unit should analyze its construction methods and formulate a scientific construction management system in combination with the construction site and geological conditions.
With the improvement of the construction management system to standardize the effective development of various management work in the construction process.
3 Strengthen the application of ecological protection awareness in the construction of long-distance pipeline river crossings In the construction of long-distance pipelines river crossing under the guidance of China's sustainable development strategy, the application of ecological protection awareness and ecological protection technology should be strengthened. In the construction process, fully consider the impact of the construction process on the construction environment and ecological environment. Take necessary measures to reduce the impact on the ecological environment during construction. For example, in the construction of the cofferdam method, the impact on the ecological environment of the river during the construction of the cofferdam is reduced as much as possible. The cofferdam is made of organic and environmentally friendly materials. In this way, the construction of the long-distance pipeline crossing the river can meet the environmental protection needs of modern Duhui, and realize China's sustainable development strategy and environmental protection work goals. Relevant departments should also strengthen the training and supervision of long-distance pipeline construction enterprises. Through the effective implementation of the supervision work, it is ensured that the construction enterprise can carry out technological improvement and technical application from the ecological and environmental protection purpose. Through the application of ecological environmental awareness in the construction of long-distance pipelines and river crossings, the pipeline crossing construction can meet modern environmental protection needs.
Combined with the needs of modern long-distance pipeline river crossing and environmental protection requirements, the application of modern long-distance pipeline river crossing technology should comprehensively consider the construction technical requirements and environmental requirements.
According to the geological foundation of the river bed, the construction technology with low environmental impact, low construction cost, low construction technology requirements, and high safety and security is selected. The use of modern construction technology to meet the long-distance pipeline river crossing needs.
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