After a long struggle, mankind has established brilliant achievements in transforming nature and developing the economy. However, there are also negative effects of uncivilization in the highly democratic and developing world economic civilization. Due to improper disposal in the industrialization process, especially the unreasonable development and utilization of resources, as well as the lack of attention to the treatment of waste gas, waste water and waste generated during the industrialization process, the earth’s resources are becoming increasingly scarce, the energy shortage is becoming increasingly severe, and the environment is deteriorating and seriously endangered. To the earth's ecological space and the sustainable development of the world economy.
Environmental pollution, depletion of resources and rapid population growth have constituted three major problems that must be resolved in the contemporary society. A green revolution centered on protecting the environment and saving resources is emerging all over the world. The logistics industry is no exception. The wave of green packaging has come to people after entering the 21st century.
2 Significance of Green Logistics Packaging Materials and Development
The difference between green logistics packaging materials and general packaging materials is that it has good environmental performance and does not cause harm to the human body and the environment. Usually refers to materials that are easily degradable, easily recycled, and capable of efficient resource recycling. Green packaging material is the key to the development of green packaging. Research and development of pollution-free green packaging materials are currently hot spots in the world. An important issue for logistics packaging is the development of high-strength, large-surface, environmental performance, and pollution-free. The green transportation packaging materials that are easy to recycle, lightweight, and lightweight have become the key technology that determines the smooth development of green transportation packaging and must arouse our great attention.
Traditional logistics transport packaging materials are mainly wood, paper, reinforced plastics, metal steel and high-strength composite materials, but these materials have various drawbacks and deficiencies in the concept of green. The material that truly meets the green concept and is in line with China's national conditions, the author learned from years of work and research and believes that it should be bamboo.
3 The advantages of bamboo as a green logistics packaging material
3.1 Excellent mechanical properties
Bamboo, like wood, is an excellent material for growth in nature. Bamboo mainly refers to bamboo bamboo poles, which is the most important part of bamboo utilization value. Bamboo has excellent mechanical properties:
The average tensile strength of bamboo is 208.2 MPa, which is twice that of wood (average 107.3 MPa). Compared with steel, although the tensile strength of steel (average 560 MPa) is 2.5-3.0 times that of bamboo, the density of steel is about 10 times that of bamboo. Therefore, according to the ratio of strength, bamboo is 3-4 times higher than steel. The compressive strength of bamboo (average 48.7 MPa) is about 10% higher than that of wood (average 44.4 MPa). In addition, bamboo also has good elasticity and good flexibility. Bamboo density is below 1.0g/cm3, generally between 0.6-0.8g/cm3. The average mechanical properties of bamboo are better than the average mechanical properties of wood. This fully shows that bamboo is an excellent natural growing plant material, which is a complete green material.
3.2 Good resource advantages
Bamboo is one of the important forest resources. China is a big country and a kingdom of bamboo. It ranks first in the world in terms of species, area, stock volume, production volume, history of use, employees, and technological level. Especially in terms of area, the national statistics is about 5 million hectares, accounting for one-third of the world, and the amount of logging is more than 10 million tons, accounting for 1/2 of the world's total. Among the bamboos, the finest and most used for processing and utilization are bamboo. Its area and production account for about 90% of the world. In any country in the world, the area or production of a species is known as the first in the world. However, as China's bamboo has such an area and output, it has not seen any other species so far. China is a major country that has absolutely the advantage of absolute bamboo resources. Therefore, in addition to the large bamboo, China is also known as the bamboo kingdom.
The biological characteristics of bamboo are a forest management. It can be used for a long time with a little maintenance and management. It is the only resource in China that is inexhaustible and inexhaustible. Bamboo can be cut 30-40 pieces per acre per year, about 700Kg (about 15-25kg per bamboo root, each 60 pieces can be equivalent to 1m3 of timber. The life span of bamboo is about 5-6 years, bamboo must be 5-6 years. Above the old bamboo cutting, Hsinchu can produce bamboo shoot growth.The bamboo plantation averages 250-300 plants per mu, and the productive forest can reach 440 plants/mu. The annual logging rate is about 30-40 plants.
3.3 Advantages of Processing Production
The processing and utilization of bamboo materials in China has a long history and can be traced back to 6000-7000 years ago.
First of all. Because of the growth characteristics of bamboo, it was decided to cut old bamboo in the forest and let Hsinchu sprout.
Therefore, its deforestation must be based on manual cutting in the bamboo forest. In addition, bamboo must be manually transported down the hill after the harvesting. This process cannot be mechanized or intensified. It belongs to a labor-intensive production. Secondly, the processing of bamboo is mainly broken and weaving, followed by subsequent production or use. This process of breaking and weaving can use advanced technologies such as machinery. However, basic processes such as establishment still require manual labor. These production characteristics are exactly in line with our country's labor surplus.
In addition, weaving bamboo poles requires long-term and experienced operators to practice well and achieve high efficiency. Just like the large number of bamboo farmers in the bamboo regions of southern China, almost every family has such skilled craftsmen. Bamboo is produced in mountainous areas. These mountain farmers are the main supporters of our country's "three rural" policy. Only by allowing these people to work to become rich can the “three rural†policy be implemented.
Obviously, bamboo processing is an absolute advantage for farmers in southern China's mountainous regions. No region or country is comparable. $Page break $
4 Green Modern Packaging Materials - Technical Solutions for Bamboo Development
4.1 Product Design
4.1.1 Bamboo ring honeycomb plate instead of wooden tray
The first step is to bundle bamboo heads and bamboo tails remaining in bamboo processing, especially bamboo tails (generally about 1m in length and 3 to 6cm in diameter), bundle bundles and saw them into bamboo circles with a certain thickness (about 3cm in thickness). Ring (image introduced, very similar to sliced ​​carrots). After the bamboo ring is subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying treatment, urea-formaldehyde resin (also available as phenolic resin) that meets the requirements of international environmental protection is adopted, and the bamboo ring is mixed and glued using a stirring method. The second step will be prefabricated. Upper and lower bamboo mat plywood (pressed with bamboo mat dry sizing), with single-surface glue (Eo-grade urea-formaldehyde resin) and bamboo ring that has been glued, all the bamboo rings are placed in a vertical manner using a vibration plate method. The lower board's rubber surface (formed as a honeycomb) is assembled and then pressed to become the main tray of the bamboo ring honeycomb tray. The edge seals and feet of the tray can be combined and pressed once during the assembly process (also can be separately Compression combination).
At present, the relevant research department has developed a kind of bamboo honeycomb panel for wood pallets. Compared with bamboo honeycomb panels, it seems that bamboo honeycomb panels are much stronger in terms of strength, longevity, water resistance, and production cost. Advantages: 1Strength: After preliminary evaluation, it is 5-6 times of the strength of wooden pallet; 2 Long life: It is estimated that the service life of wood pallet is 2-3 times higher; 3 Lighter weight, no deformation: It is estimated that the specific density of tray is about 0.6g. /cm3. 4 good water resistance, using urea-formaldehyde adhesive board immersed in cold water (25 °C) for more than one month does not loose glue, if the phenolic resin sheet immersed in water months do not loose glue; 5 low cost: estimated production 1000 × 1200mm The pallets of specifications have a production cost of approximately RMB 60 yuan/piece; 6 green products; 7 wide range of uses, which are innovative products: besides being used for pallets, this bamboo ring honeycomb panel can also be used in other fields such as floor tiles, container bottom panels, etc. International and domestic initiative.
4.1.2 bamboo mat corrugated packing board
This new material is basically designed with reference to the current mode of production of all kinds of bamboo plywood factories in China. The basis for this new material is a large number of bamboo plywood factories, especially bamboo bamboo plywood factories in rural areas. Because the products are aging and cannot be upgraded, the economic benefits are getting worse and worse. Many factories are closed and idle, and urgently need to change direction. Therefore, in order not to increase the investment in production equipment, and not to make major changes in the technological process, the design and production of the Hsinchu seated tile packaging board is as far as possible possible on the original basis:
In the first step, according to the original production method, bamboo woven mats of certain specifications are woven by farmers of the producing areas, and the factory purchases them. After high-temperature steam sterilization, the phenolic resin is impregnated, drained, and then dried on a continuous dryer to control the final result. Bamboo mat moisture content reaches 10 to 12%, prefabricated prefabricated corrugated bamboo mats. In the second step, the prefabricated corrugated mats and 2 to 3 stacked assembly units are placed in a hot press and hot pressed and cured into corrugated cores. The hot pressing temperature is controlled at 130°C to 135°C and the pressing time is 5 to 6 minutes. Slow temperature setting in the setting machine. In the third step, single or double-layer bamboo mats produced in the same manner as described above are used. Two sheets are used as the upper and lower sheets of the corrugated board, the surface is sizing, corrugated board peaks are also sizing, and then three layers are combined. Into the hot press to suppress the thermosetting, this process requires only a little pressure on the press, and the time required for about 2 minutes to reach the combined process requirements.
If the bamboo mat corrugated board is required to be beautiful and durable, the pre-prepared bamboo mat can be inlaid in the periphery when it is assembled into three layers, and once hot-pressed, it can be produced as an edge-sealed bamboo mat.
The above-mentioned design of the raw materials for the production of the two new products is clearly known as consisting of two components:
A kind of bamboo material and a kind of adhesive glue only require the use of adhesive to meet the requirements of environmental protection, and the amount of sizing is reasonable, then the free aldehyde and phenol content remaining in the product meets the standards and meets the environmental protection requirements for product export.
The production of bamboo mats and corrugated plates varies in scale, large-scale factories with high degree of mechanization, and simpler small-scale factories in rural areas, but the key to production is corrugating. Under the process flow of plywood production equipment, there is no Like the rolling properties of metal materials, there is no plasticity such as pulp plastics, so the requirements of the corrugated board to achieve the production process requirements, the technical difficulty is still quite large, and therefore, the world's current corrugated board of various materials: metal, pulp , cement, plastics, ceramics, etc., only bamboo and corrugated board is not seen in the world. In fact, many countries have been trying out experiments, but it seems that only Chinese technicians have solved the problem.
The products of bamboo mats and corrugated plates without edge sealing have, based on preliminary estimates (thickness 25 to 30mm), a production cost of about RMB 18 per square meter.
Advantages: 1Strength is big, it is estimated that it exceeds 10 to 20 times of the corrugated board, and the composite board with two layers of bamboo mats and three layers of bamboo mats and corrugated core boards can make the strength 2 to 3 times that of the wood panels. 2 high-tech products; 3 long life, no deformation, life expectancy exceeds the wood board more than 2 times; 4 water resistance is good, its water soaking performance is the same as the above bamboo ring honeycomb panel; 5 green products; 6 cost is reasonable, relative use The value is cheaper than wood, composite plastic plates, etc. 7 Light weight, if the corrugated board with a wave pitch of 70mm and a wave height of 25mm is used, the specific density is about 0.15g/cm3, which is comparable to that of the paperboard.
4.1.3 Others
Using bamboo materials as raw materials, traditional bamboo mats or bamboo pieces are still used.